氢氧化钾极易吸收空气中水分而潮解，吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸钾。当溶解于水、醇或用酸处理时产生大量热量。溶于乙醇，微溶于醚。有极强的碱性和腐蚀性，其性质与烧碱相似。但是大家知道它的合成工艺是什么吗？下面就给大家来讲解一下吧。
　　Potassium hydroxide can easily absorb water in air and deliquescence, and absorb carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. When dissolved in water, alcohol or treated with acid, it produces a lot of heat. Soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in ether. It has strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, and its properties are similar to those of caustic soda. But do you know what the synthesis process is? Now let's talk about it.
　　氯化钾在化盐槽溶化成饱和溶液，加热至90℃时分别加入碳酸钾、苛性钾、氯化钡除去钙、镁和硫酸根等杂质，经沉降除渣、盐酸中和、精制的含氯化钾280～315g／L的氯化钾溶液经预热到70～75℃后进行电解，得氢氧化钾、氯气和氢气。隔膜法所得产品浓度为10％～11％，需通过蒸发浓缩和冷却澄清，制得含45％～50％产品的溶液；也可继续在熬碱锅中浓缩，经脱色，制得固体产品，或经制片成片状产品。其反应式如下：
　　Potassium chloride dissolves into saturated solution in the salt bath. Potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride are added to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate at 90 C. Potassium hydroxide, chlorine gas and hydrogen are obtained by electrolysis of refined potassium chloride solution containing 280-315g/L of potassium chloride after precipitation, hydrochloric acid neutralization and preheating to 70-75 C. The concentration of the product obtained by diaphragm method is 10%-11%. The solution containing 45%-50% of the product is prepared by evaporation, concentration and cooling clarification. It can also be concentrated in the boiling pot and decolorized to produce solid products or flake products. The reaction formulas are as follows:

　　2KCl+2H2O[电解]→2KOH+C12↑+H2↑
　　2KCl+2H2[electrolysis]2KOH+C12_+H2_
　　水银电解法电解液的配制同隔膜电解法。电解室中以石墨(或金属)作阳极，水银作阴极，电解产生的氯气送氯气干燥工序，生成的钾汞齐流人解汞室。大部分未反应的氯化钾以淡盐水状态经处理后，返回原料溶解工序。因解汞室出来的浓度为45％～50％，可作为液体产品，也可再经熬碱锅蒸浓成固碱或制成片状产品。其电解及钾汞齐解汞反应式如下：
　　The preparation of electrolyte for mercury electrolysis is the same as that for diaphragm electrolysis. In the electrolysis chamber, graphite (or metal) is used as anode, mercury is used as cathode, chlorine gas from electrolysis is is sent to the chlorine gas drying process, and potassium amalgam is produced in the mercury chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in dilute brine and returned to the raw material dissolution process. Because the concentration of mercury solution chamber is 45%-50%, it can be used as a liquid product, or can be steamed and concentrated to solid alkali or made into flake products by boiling soda pot. The reaction formulas of electrolysis and potassium amalgamation for mercury dissolution are as follows:
　　2KCl+2Hg2→2Hg2K+Cl2。
　　2KCl+2Hg2_2Hg2K+Cl2.
　　2KCl+2Hg2-2Hg2K+Cl2。
　　2KCl+2Hg2-2Hg2K+Cl2.
　　2Hg2K+2H2O→2KOH+H2+4Hg。
　　2Hg2K+2H2_2KOH+H2+4Hg.
　　2Hg2K+2H2O-2KOH+H2+4Hg。
　　2Hg2K+2H_2O-2KOH+H2+4Hg.
　　以上就是给大家总结的关于氢氧化钾的合成工艺，相信大家都已经有所了解了，另外具强碱性及腐蚀性。吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸钾。0.1mol/L溶液的pH为13.5。白色斜方结晶，工业品为白色或淡灰色的块状或棒状。易溶于水，溶于乙醇，微溶于醚。
　　The above is a summary of the synthesis process of potassium hydroxide, I believe that everyone has already understood, in addition to strong alkalinity and corrosiveness. Absorbing carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. The pH of 0.1 mol/L solution is 13.5. White oblique crystal, industrial products for white or light gray block or bar. It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
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